1)Umkhwa wokukhutshwa kwezixhobo zemoto uyabonakala
Iimoto ngokubanzi zenziwe ngeenkqubo ze-injini, iinkqubo zothumelo, iinkqubo zokuqhuba, njl njl. Inkqubo nganye yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamacandelo abandakanyekayo ekuhlanganiseni isithuthi esipheleleyo, kunye neenkcukacha kunye neentlobo zeendawo zemoto zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli nazo zahlukile. Ngokwahlukileyo omnye komnye, kunzima ukwenza imveliso yomgangatho omkhulu. Njengomdlali obalaseleyo kwishishini, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwabo kwemveliso kunye nenzuzo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye banciphise uxinzelelo lwabo lwezemali, ii-OEM ze-auto ziye zahlutha ngokuthe ngcembe iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo kwaye zanikezela kubavelisi bamacandelo aphezulu ukuze baxhase imveliso.

2) Ulwahlulo lwabasebenzi kwishishini lamalungu emoto lucacile, lubonisa iimpawu zobungcali kunye nesikali
Ishishini lamalungu emoto lineempawu zolwahlulo lwamanqanaba ngamanqanaba omsebenzi. Ikhonkco lokubonelela ngezixhobo zemoto zahlulwe ikakhulu zababoneleli benqanaba lokuqala, lesibini, kunye nelesithathu ngokwendlela yephiramidi "yamacandelo, amacandelo, kunye neendibano zenkqubo". Ababoneleli beTier-1 banamandla okuthatha inxaxheba kwindibaniselwano ye-R&D yee-OEMs kwaye banokhuphiswano olomeleleyo olubanzi. Ababoneleli be-Tier-2 kunye ne-Tier-3 ngokubanzi bagxila kwizinto eziphathekayo, iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Ababoneleli ngeTier-2 kunye neTier-3 bakhuphisana kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukulahla ukhuphiswano olulinganayo ngokunyusa i-R&D ukunyusa ixabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso kunye nokuphucula iimveliso.

Njengoko indima yee-OEMs itshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwimveliso ehlanganisiweyo enkulu nebanzi kunye nemodeli yokuhlanganisa ukuya kugxila kwi-R&D kunye noyilo lweeprojekthi zezithuthi ezipheleleyo, indima yabavelisi bezixhobo zemoto iye yanda ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kumenzi osulungekileyo ukuya kuphuhliso oludibeneyo kunye nee-OEM. Iimfuno zefektri zophuhliso kunye nemveliso. Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yolwahlulo olukhethekileyo lwabasebenzi, ishishini elikhethekileyo kunye nelikhulu elikhulu lokwenza iinxalenye zemoto liya kusekwa ngokuthe ngcembe.

3)Amalungu e-Auto athande ukuba kuphuhliso olukhaphukhaphu
A. Ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenza ubunzima bomzimba bube yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lweemoto eziqhelekileyo.

Ukusabela kwikhwelo lokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, amazwe ahlukeneyo akhuphe imimiselo malunga nemigangatho yokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwizithuthi ezithwala abantu. Ngokwemigaqo yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi lweRiphabhlikhi yaBantu belizwe lethu, umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwamafutha ezithuthi eTshayina uya kuthotywa ukusuka kwi-6.9L/100km ngo-2015 ukuya kwi-5L/100km ngo-2020, ukwehla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-27.5%; I-EU ithathe indawo yokuzithandela ye-CO2 ngokusebenzisa iindlela zomthetho ezisisinyanzelo Isivumelwano sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha esithuthi kunye neemfuno zomda we-CO2 kunye neenkqubo zokuleyibhile ngaphakathi kwe-EU; I-United States ikhuphe i-fuel-duty-duty fuel economy kunye nemimiselo yokukhutshwa kwe-greenhouse gas, efuna i-avareji ye-fuel economy of US light-duty vehicles to reach 56.2mpg in 2025.

Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo ye-International Aluminium Association, ubunzima bezithuthi zepetroli buhambelana ngokufanelekileyo nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha. Kwi-100kg nganye yokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi, malunga ne-0.6L yepetroli ingagcinwa nge-100 yeekhilomitha, kwaye i-800-900g ye-CO2 inokwehliswa. Izithuthi zemveli zikhaphukhaphu kubunzima bomzimba. I-Quantification yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokugcina amandla kunye neendlela zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa ngoku, kwaye ibe yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso loshishino lweemoto.

B.Uluhlu oluhambayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha lukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kobuchwephesha obulula
Ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane, uluhlu oluhambayo luseyinto ebalulekileyo ethintela ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane. Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo evela kwi-International Aluminium Association, ubunzima bezithuthi zombane buhambelana ngokufanelekileyo nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukongeza kumandla kunye nokuxinana kwezinto zebhetri yamandla, ubunzima besithuthi siphela yinto ephambili echaphazela ukuhamba kwesithuthi sombane. Ukuba ubunzima besithuthi sombane esicocekileyo siyancitshiswa nge-10kg, uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa lunokwandiswa nge-2.5km. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane kwimeko entsha kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokukhanya.

I-alloy ye-C.Aluminiyam inexabiso elibalaseleyo lokusebenza kunye neyona nto ikhethwayo kwiimoto ezikhaphukhaphu.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuphumeza ukukhanya: ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilula, uyilo olulula kunye nokuveliswa okulula. Ngokombono wezinto eziphathekayo, izinto ezilula kakhulu ziquka i-aluminium alloys, i-magnesium alloys, i-carbon fibers kunye neentsimbi eziphezulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwisiphumo sokunciphisa ubunzima, i-high-high-high-steel-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber ibonisa umkhwa wokunyusa umphumo wokunciphisa ubunzima; ngokubhekiselele kwindleko, i-high-power-steel-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber ibonisa umkhwa wokunyuka kweendleko. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu kwiimoto, ukusebenza kweendleko ezibanzi zezinto ze-aluminium alloy ziphezulu kunentsimbi, i-magnesium, iiplastiki kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo, kwaye ineenzuzo zokuthelekisa ngokubhekiselele kwitekhnoloji yesicelo, ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba kwimarike yezinto ezikhaphukhaphu ngo-2020, i-aluminiyam i-akhawunti ye-alloy ephezulu ukuya kuma-64%, kwaye okwangoku yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu.